Apologies for citing Bloomberg, but it’s the data they’re citing that matters here: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-04-02/us-europe-gripes-on-china-overcapacity-aren-t-all-backed-by-data

China’s export prices for passenger vehicles have been increasing since at least Covid. If they were dumping/selling at a loss, we would expect it would decrease.

They sell for half the price domestically as they do rebranded in Europe because there is a strong domestic subsidy, but America has that too.