Chemicals found in common household disinfectants, glues, and furniture textiles could damage supporting cells in the brain during critical stages of their development, a new study based on human cell cultures and mice has found.

One of the two chemical classes identified were quaternary compounds. These are used in disinfectant sprays, wipes and hand sanitizers, and personal care products such as toothpaste and mouthwash to kill bacteria and viruses, and can be ingested or inhaled if used incorrectly or in poorly ventilated spaces.

The other class of compounds were organophosphates. Serving as flame retardants, they are commonly found in textiles, glues, and household items such as furniture and electronics and can ‘off-gas’ into the air of rooms we commonly spend time in.

Being fat-soluble, organophosphates can be absorbed through the skin and potentially make their way into the brain.