@PugJesus
I mean, it was probably pretty bad for the large fraction of the population who were slaves, and not great for the plebeians either. The guys who were educated enough and had the leisure to be writing stuff down may have left out some of the downsides that weren’t apparent to them.
There’s actually considerable academic study on the lives of the common people in the Roman Empire in the modern day. The short answer is “It was bad for the poor by modern standards, but not nearly as bad as most pre-modern societies.”
There was a lot of public infrastructure and amenities that even the impoverished had access to, and many of the basic functioning of civil society and law which we take for granted were Roman-era innovations - at least for much of Europe west of Greece. The stability and security offered by the Principate era allowed living standards to rise considerably amongst the working class, especially the urban working class, but with considerable gains in the rural peasantry as well. There’s a fantastic book, Imperial Ideology and Provincial Loyalty in the Roman Empire, which goes over why even non-Roman provincials often preferred the rule of the Roman Empire to the prospect of local elites re-assuming control.
@PugJesus
I mean, it was probably pretty bad for the large fraction of the population who were slaves, and not great for the plebeians either. The guys who were educated enough and had the leisure to be writing stuff down may have left out some of the downsides that weren’t apparent to them.
There’s actually considerable academic study on the lives of the common people in the Roman Empire in the modern day. The short answer is “It was bad for the poor by modern standards, but not nearly as bad as most pre-modern societies.”
There was a lot of public infrastructure and amenities that even the impoverished had access to, and many of the basic functioning of civil society and law which we take for granted were Roman-era innovations - at least for much of Europe west of Greece. The stability and security offered by the Principate era allowed living standards to rise considerably amongst the working class, especially the urban working class, but with considerable gains in the rural peasantry as well. There’s a fantastic book, Imperial Ideology and Provincial Loyalty in the Roman Empire, which goes over why even non-Roman provincials often preferred the rule of the Roman Empire to the prospect of local elites re-assuming control.
It’s a very fascinating subject.